The graph above shows that nonwhite female freshman congress members overall and from the four healthcare sectors in Tarbell’s dataset. It shows that the most generous donors to freshman Democrats were healthcare professionals and that nonwhite female freshman consistently received less healthcare money. According to the Analysis of Variance or ANOVA, hospitals gave more to white freshman ($15871) than nonwhite freshman ($7,985, p=0.031). For total healthcare there was a significant interaction between gender and ethnicity (p=0.034) and a significant main effect for ethnicity (p=0.048) with nonwhite freshman receiving an average of $37,469 less. The interaction was also present for health professionals (p=0.040) but not the other three sectors. One would expect that more money from HMOs, Hospitals, and Pharma was given to freshman Republicans.
HMOs, Hospitals, and Pharma may have more rigid rules for donating than healthcare professionals who can give to anyone they want. Nonwhite congressman may also represent districts with fewer healthcare professionals. Also when donors are free to give as they choose their cultural biases may become more apparent.
|
Support SP
|
Nonwhite
|
White
|
||
|
#
|
%
|
#
|
%
|
|
|
No
|
7
|
37%
|
23
|
56%
|
|
Undecided
|
2
|
11%
|
8
|
20%
|
|
Yes
|
12
|
63%
|
10
|
24%
|
|
Total
|
21
|
100%
|
41
|
100%
|
Ethnicity and support for single payer are confounded with each other as the table below shows with nonwhite freshman being more likely to support it than white ones. In my last post I showed that the interaction between support for single payer and the freshman’s ethnic background was present for donations from Health Professionals, HMOs and Hospitals. This indicates that support for Medicare for All and ethnicity is a stronger factor for healthcare donations than the gender of the freshman democrat.
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